Evergreen 486 to 586 Upgrade Processor

My wife hates what I've done to the spare room. It has nothing to do with colour coordination or disagreements over wallpaper design. It has everything to do with the fact that almost every square inch of available floor space is given over to the storage of outdated and mostly unused computer equipment. I have everything from an Apple LaserWriter-I to CP/M laptops to a complete 486 tower system stacked in there. Does this sound familiar to anyone?

While that particular 486 tower is too noisy for home use, another 486 system, a desktop Compaq Prolinea 4/33, is one of my favourite workhorses. Originally consigned to the corporate junk heap, I rescued it, swapped the old 127MB disk for a more modern 2.1GB model, installed Linux and then configured it to be the main NFS/Samba server on my home network. In addition to that task, I use it as an xhost server for a Sun IPC (the IPC has a much nicer keyboard and a higher definition display than the Compaq), as a PLIP server for a 386 laptop and also as a compile engine for all of the other 386 class machines in my motley stable. However, while the hour or so required for a kernel compile is much better than the overnight wait required for an i386 machine to complete the same task, it is still fairly tedious, especially when working on experimental changes, so for some time now I've been on the lookout for a viable upgrade.

Unfortunately, bringing yet another system into the house doesn't pass the good housekeeping test. (Besides which, I don't have the cash available for a new system and Pentium Pro machines haven't yet started to appear on the company junk heap.) While a motherboard upgrade looked promising initially, the unique internal layout of the Prolinea, specifically the orientation of the ISA expansion slots, would have meant having to buy a chassis as well as the motherboard. Add the cost of that to my wife's understandable reluctance to allow anything resembling yet another computer into the house, and the obvious answer was to opt for an upgrade processor instead.

A quick check of the local shops here in rural Japan proved disappointing, with a dearth of 486 upgrade options. A couple of shops did carry the standard Intel Over-Drive kit, but at a truly extortionist price. As it happened though, I had recently received a catalogue from a U.S. mail-order house and a check showed 486 to 586/133MHz upgrades at a very attractive price—only $109.95 for a kit, with the added promise of a much greater performance increase than the Intel version. Was it too good to be true? Well, there was only one way to find out, and at that price I wasn't going to be too much out of pocket even if it turned out to be a complete lemon.

The Evergreen 486 upgrade kit comes in a fairly bulky box, with most of the volume being taken up by pre-formed packing designed to prevent damage to the pins on the upgrade processor. The kit contains the processor assembly, a chip removal tool, a diskette containing a diagnostic program, an instruction manual and a $10 refund voucher (which, in my case, had expired one week before I actually received the kit).

The processor assembly consists of a plastic, flat-pack chip mounted on a small PCB with three configuration jumpers to one side. The chip has a heat-sink and fan assembly already attached. There are no external power connections for the fan (operating power being drawn through the socket). The CPU is a 133MHz 5x86 processor from AMD with 16KB of internal cache. The clock speed multiplier is jumper selectable, making the processor a drop-in replacement for 25, 33, 40, 50, 66 or 80MHz 486SX or 486DX chips. The other two jumpers are used to select over-drive or main processor socket placement and the cache mode.

The instruction manual is straightforward, with clear illustrations of the various socket configurations which a typical user might encounter. The jumper settings are well explained, with the notable exception of the cache configuration jumper (more on this later). It also contains lots of sound, common-sense advice, such as marking the orientation of pin-1 of your original processor on the mother board before removing it from the socket. (Many motherboards have the silk-screen markings obscured by other components.) In addition, some 22 of a total of 72 pages are dedicated to a fairly comprehensive troubleshooting guide. On the down side (and pretty much as you'd expect), it doesn't contain any mention of operating systems other than DOS or Windows.

This extends to the diagnostic diskette, too. The diagnostic program, etdiag, will run only under DOS and, because it is designed to measure system performance, it cannot be run under DOSEMU in Linux. This can be something of a problem in a Microsoft-free zone, but I did discover that etdiag would run under at least two versions of DOS which are readily available from the Internet: one a completely free version and the other a cut-down, evaluation version of a commercial product—refer to the resources sidebar for URLs. One of the neat things about etdiag is that it will recommend a specific upgrade processor model, based on what it discovers about your system during the initial test, and because Evergreen makes the diagnostic available from their web site, you can use this facility before buying an upgrade kit.

The actual chip replacement process shouldn't cause anyone too much trouble. The chip removal tool supplied with the kit is somewhat thicker than ones I've encountered previously, but with a little bit of patience and minimal effort I was able to ease my original processor out of its socket and replace it with the Evergreen unit. I checked to make sure the fan was turning and the system had completed its power-on self test successfully before replacing the system top cover.

Booting the diagnostic again confirmed the new chip type, higher internal clock speed and increased cache memory were identified correctly. The Dhrystone rating for the CPU (measured under etdiag) had also jumped from the original value of 15384 to a very respectable 39370, increase in performance of two and a half times. Booting Linux showed a BogoMIPs rating increase of exactly four, from 16.59 with the original 33MHz 486 chip, to 66.36 for the 133MHz 586 chip, which is pretty much what you'd expect with a quadrupled clock.