Drush: Drupal for People Who Hate Mice

During its ten-year rise to prominence, Drupal dramatically has changed the way people use it to build Web sites. Without needing to write a single line of code, Drupal users are able to build complex, custom Web sites through the point-and-click Web interface. The problem is I hate Web interfaces.

To be fair, the rise of keyboard shortcuts in modern Web applications has made them far more comfortable for me, but I don't like mice (and don't even get me started on trackpads). I am a keyboard kind of guy; hands on home row make me happy.

Even for those of you proficient with your pointing devices, there still are times when you just can't beat the elegant power of the command line. As Linux users, you have all experienced the sheer joy of a simple shell script to automate repetitive tasks (and if you haven't, why not?). There is a long list of scenarios where using Drupal's Web interface is either inefficient or inconvenient, but the truth is, for most Web developers and sysadmins, the command line is a comfortable place.

Drush (DRUpal SHell) is a command-line shell and scripting interface for Drupal, a veritable Swiss Army knife designed to make life easier for those of us who spend some of our working hours hacking away at the command prompt.

Drush began several years ago as a project to provide a command-line interface to Drupal. Although somewhat limited in its early utility, Drush has matured to become an essential tool for many Drupal developers and administrators (myself included).

The current version, 4.1, brings a ton of great new built-in commands, plenty of internal cleanup and better support for Drupal 7. Arguably more exciting, however, is the growth of add-ons and extensions for Drush. Although not a traditional Drupal module, Drush is highly extensible via its own API. A large number of existing Drupal modules now include Drush commands in their official releases.

Initial versions of Drush required a working Drupal installation prior to installing Drush. Since version 2, however, Drush has become Drupal-version-independent. You don't need a working Drupal site to install Drush. In fact, as you will see shortly, you can use Drush to install your Drupal site fully.

Installing Drush on Debian/Ubuntu systems is as simple as running apt-get install drush. However, the current stable Debian/Ubuntu versions include packages for Drush 3. To get the latest and greatest, or if you're on a system without a Drush package, you need to go through a few extra steps:

To test your new Drush install, you should be able to run drush status in your terminal and see output something like this:

PHP configuration     :  /etc/php5/cli/php.ini 
Drush version         :  4.1                   
Drush configuration   :                        
Drush alias files     :

If that worked, it's time to let the real fun begin!

Although Drush works without an existing Drupal installation, it is certainly much more fun with one around. In fact, one of the most fun uses of Drush is to install new Drupal sites. Normally, this process would include something like: browse to drupal.org, click Get Started, then click Download Drupal, then click to download the tar.gz file. Extract that package into your Web server's document root. Create a database for your new Drupal site. Browse to your new Drupal install (that is, http://localhost/drupal) where you will be tossed into the installer. Begin clicking your way through the installer (where you'll likely be asked to chmod your settings file), and after seven or more screens, you'll have a working Drupal install. Of course, chances are good that from here you'll go on to download a handful of modules (again, browsing drupal.org and extracting zip files) and clicking through the interface to turn them on and configure them.

Phew, that's a lot of clicking!

Okay, it's not so bad when you are installing your first Drupal site, but it takes a lot of time with your mouse, and if you install (or re-install) Drupal sites a lot, it can become tedious. Let's look at that process with Drush:

Answer “y” to the following prompt, and in a few short moments, you'll have a working Drupal install (using the “drupal” database on localhost). To verify, you can browse to http://localhost/drupal-7.0/ and log in using admin/admin as the user name/password, respectively. The site-install command has several additional options; run drush help site-install for full details.

What if you need a handful of Drupal-contributed modules for your site (as most people do)? Don't reach for your mouse yet! Let's grab “views” and “devel” while we're here (still in our Drupal directory):

drush dl ctools views devel
drush en views views_ui devel